WASTE MANAGEMENT AND WASTE ANALYSIS
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Project Purpose |
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Blockchain is a relatively new technology; The first concept paper was published in 2008 by Satoshi Nakamoto for use in developing crypto-currencies (a crypto currency exits only on the net and has no government backing) and the proposal for smart contracts based on Blockchain was made in 2013 by Vitalik Buterin. Today, there are many different Blockchains and variations of Blockchain technology. In addition, there is a large amount of ongoing research on how to further, develop and improve the ability of this technology to be used for various purposes. As a result, it is reasonable to expect that even more Blockchain variations will come into existence during the coming years. Some Blockchain and blockchain-based technologies are called “Distributed Ledgers" (DL). There are also forms of Blockchain that are public/open networks and others that are private/permissioned networks. For the purposes of this project, unless otherwise indicated, references to "Blockchains" are considered to cover "Distributed Ledgers" as well as both public and private network versions.
Blockchains are based on an innovative use of cryptography and have attracted a lot of attention due to their characteristics which reduce the need for trusted third parties and intermediaries. These characteristics include the:
- Creation of data records that are permanent, i.e. cannot be changed or deleted
- Ability to identify the time and origin of every entry in the Blockchain
- Access by all participants to all data in the Blockchain
- Guaranteed implementation of smart contracts (programmes) that automatically execute once a set of agreed conditions are met
As one result of Blockchain having been originally used for crypto-currencies, the majority of the original research into the use of Blockchain came from the finance industry. This has changed during the last two years and an increasing amount of research and an increasing number of trial implementations have been for supply-chain, trade and business processes. In addition, during the first quarter of 2017 large companies, such as IBM, have begun to announce commercial business process and trade-related products based on Blockchain technology.
Blockchain technology has an immense potential for facilitating supply-chain and trade processes. The purpose of this project is to look at this technology in the context of UN/CEFACT's mandates in order to provide input to the Bureau, Programme Development Areas and Domains on:
1) Possible future work and a possible common approach to Blockchain-related projects
2) Blockchain developers as a potential new user group for UN/CEFACT standards
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Project Scope
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The scope of this project is to look at:
- How existing UN/CEFACT deliverables could be used by Blockchain application developers
- Possible changes to existing UN/CEFACT deliverables, or new deliverables, that could be considered in order to support Blockchain trade-facilitation related applications.
- How Blockchain technology could be used to facilitate trade and related business processes
All of the above will be examined from the perspective of UN/CEFACT’s mandates and providing input to the Bureau, Programme Development Areas and Domains on:
1) Possible future work and a possible common approach to Blockchain-related projects
2) Blockchain developers as a potential new user group for UN/CEFACT standards
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Project Deliverables
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The project deliverables are two inter-related white papers, based on consultations and research within both the UN/CEFACT and Blockchain communities.
1) Half-day workshop on Blockchain during the autumn 2017 Forum (preferably on the Monday afternoon or Tuesday morning)
2) A white paper on a gap analysis of technical aspects of Blockchain and its relation to UN/CEFACT deliverables applications
3) A business-case / process-oriented white paper on how Blockchain technology could be used to facilitate trade and related business processes.
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Exit Criteria
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The exit criteria which will indicate the deliverable has been completed, are specified as below.
1) Half-day workshop on Blockchain during the autumn 2017 Forum.
a. Successful completion of a workshop during the autumn 2017 Forum
2) A white paper on a gap analysis of technical aspects of Blockchain and its relation to UN/CEFACT deliverables
a. Draft white paper ready for publication.
3) A business-case / process-oriented white paper on how Blockchain technology could be used to facilitate trade and related business processes.
a. Draft white paper ready for publication.
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Project Team Membership and Required Functional Expertise
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Membership is open to experts with broad knowledge in the areas of: Blockchain technology and/or trade facilitation and related business processes. In addition, Heads of Delegations may invite technical experts from their constituency to participate in the work. Experts are expected to contribute to the work based solely on their expertise and to comply with the UN/CEFACT Code of Conduct and Ethics and the policy on Intellectual Property Rights. |
Head of Delegation Support
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Head of delegation support is not required for a White Paper. |
Geographical Focus
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The geographical focus of the project is global. |
Initial Contributions
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Initial contributions include existing descriptions and technical specifications for the UN/CEFACT: Core Components Library (CCL); Business Requirement Specifications (BRSs), Requirement Specification Mappings (RSMs) and Reference Data Models (RDMs) as well as already published material on Blockchain technology and implementations. |
Resource Requirements
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Participants in the project shall provide resources for their own participation. The existence and functioning of the project shall not require any additional resources from the UNECE secretariat. The project will be prepared in between Forums, in face-to-face meetings, if feasible, and using conference call facilities. |
This project purpose is the definition of UN/CEFACT standardized electronic data formats (CCL, XSD) for waste management related data such as waste analysis results. Project ScopeWaste management is essential to protecting human health and the environment. It is also a field of economic competitiveness and innovation, especially with regard to the use of 'secondary raw materials', such as metals, wood, glass, paper and plastics present in waste. Waste management policies cover prevention, reuse, recycling, recovery and disposal, often in this order of priority. For waste that has already been generated, the choice of appropriate pre-treatment and treatment operations is crucial to the environmental and economic goals. An informed choice requires detailed knowledge about the waste in question. Such knowledge is acquired through waste analysis: Samples are taken, laboratory analysis is conducted and statements about waste properties, such as physical and chemical properties, are provided, and classifications, such as of hazardousness, are derived. Based on waste analysis results, decisions regarding further pre-treatment and treatment operations are taken, and installations meeting the requirements for treating that specific waste are named. More specifically, each waste treatment installation can only treat specific types of waste. The criteria to be met by waste in order to be treatable at a specific installation are well-defined, such as via limit values set by law or by the installation permit. Structured electronic representations of waste analysis results on the one hand, and conditions to be met by waste at specific installations on the other hand, provide the opportunity of automation support in the matching of wastes and appropriate treatment operations and installations, providing both more effective environmental control and more efficient processes. In many cases waste is treated in a different country than its origin country. For example, 74 million tonnes of hazardous waste are estimated to have been produced in total within the EU in 2009. 7.4 million tonnes of hazardous waste have been exported by EU member states in that year, mostly (97%) to other EU members (Source: EEA Report No 7/2012 on Movements of waste across the EU's internal and external borders, https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/movements-of-waste-EU-2012). This shows the need for cross-border interoperability. Waste analysis results generated in one country have to be usable in other countries. There is a need for standardized electronic formats for waste analysis results. In a previous UN/CEFACT project, “Transboundary Movements of Waste”, standardised data formats have been defined for the information exchanges laid down by the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Waste and their Disposal. These information exchanges include the so-called notification submission, information by the exporter or country of export about the intended transboundary movement of waste, upon which competent authorities decide over consent, consent with conditions or approval (Basel Convention Annex V A). UN/CEFACT standardised data formats are available for the basic contents of notification submissions, such as exporter, importer, type of waste, period of waste movements, etc. They are not yet available for waste analysis results, which are so far exchanged in unstructured formats, such as PDF attachments. Therefore the project on waste analysis results can be seen as an extension to the previous Transboundary Movements of Waste project. Structured data is also required for additional descriptions of the waste management process, in particular descriptions of waste generation, waste treatment, the installations at which waste is generated and treated, permits regarding the treatment of waste and the operation of treatment installations, guarantees and contracts between waste producers and waste treatment parties. The following is within the scope of this project:
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Project Deliverables
- Business Requirements Specification (BRS)
- Requirements Specification Mapping (RSM)
- XML Schema Definitions (XSD)
Project Team Membership and Required Functional Expertise
The membership is open to experts with broad knowledge in the area of waste management, environmental management, laboratory analysis and regulatory procedures, as well as experts with knowledge in EDI, XML, XML Schema and UML modelling.
In addition, Heads of Delegations may invite technical experts from their constituency to participate in the work. Experts are expected to contribute to the work based solely on their expertise, and to comply with the UN/CEFACT Code of Ethics.
Head of Delegation Support
The project is supported by the following Heads of Delegation:
- Christian Huemer, Austria (AT)
- Tahseen Khan, India (IN)
- Benno Slot, The Netherlands (NL)
Geographical Focus
The focus is global.
Initial Contributions
Initial contributions include:
- International Standards on (waste) analysis methods and results, such as ISO and CEN standards
- Deliverables of UN/CEFACT projects Transboundary Movements of Waste (TMW), Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) and eLabs; and other UN/CEFACT Core Component Library (CCL) contents
Project Leadership
Project Leader | Proposed: Norbert Pfaffinger, Environment AgencyAustria |
Project Leadership
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Milestones
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Project Proposal Files
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